Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• , which are a cluster of hundreds to thousands atoms aggregated together [135]. The potential of natural antioxidant nanodelivery systems for treating age-related metabolic disorders has been proved in both in vivo and in vitro studies. For example, a nanoparticle-based formulation of curcumin exhibited

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• especially anticancer potential [1][2]. Several in vivo and in vitro studies in recent years have demonstrated that CUR can influence cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis [3]. It has been reported that CUR exerts anticancer effects in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) by

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• of the specific nature of the targeting antibody. ACNPs are expected to accumulate at the target site and to improve the tumor uptake. ACNPs receptor binding efficacies were determined using in vitro studies including cellular uptake and internalization studies [71]. Multivalent effect of antibody

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• -coated artificial leaf surfaces with chemical composition and wettability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Such artificial leaves are of interest for in vitro studies of interactions of plant surfaces with living organisms and the non-living environment, as demonstrated by Huth et al. [11], where the

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• inherent cytotoxicity of PLGA may come from the accumulation of the degraded polymer components leading to changes in osmolality of the culture medium [50]. Other in vitro studies also reported that the size of PLGA nanoparticles had a significant impact on cytotoxicity against BEAS-2B and RAW264.7 cells

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• vivo. Conclusion In summary (Figure 6), we fabricated Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters of uniform spherical shape, with high absorption at the near-infrared 808 nm wavelength, superparamagnetism, and a strong capacity of photothermal conversion. Both in vitro studies using an immortalized A375 melanoma cell

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• in many in vitro studies including, for example, flow cytometry or fluorescence imaging, since the luminescence of the polymer was not detected [18][33][34]. Unfortunately, the luminescence of the fluorophores (dye or quantum dots) that are active in the visible range is usually significantly reduced

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• excellent magnetic, colloidal, cytotoxic, and biocompatible aspects. However, detailed mechanistic, in vivo cytotoxicity, and magnetic-field-assisted studies are required to fully exploit these nanocarriers in therapeutic applications. Keywords: anticancer drugs; doxorubicin; drug carriers; in vitro

• studies; magnetic spinel ferrite nanoparticles; methotrexate; poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride); Introduction Cancer is the second leading cause of death and, as such, it is a global health concern [1]. It is caused by uncontrolled cell proliferation, reduced cell death rate, or both [2

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• clinical trials. In vitro studies have revealed that the anticancer effects of CUR are mainly due to proapoptotic and antiangiogenic actions, which are regulated by different cell signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, MAPK, p53, and NF-ĸB [24]. Tumor growth and metastasis are

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• biological organisms and are mainly governed by cytochrome P450, which acts as a strong catalyst for oxidation. Hence, the gold nanoparticles can alter the cell metabolism, leading to toxicity. In vitro studies also confirmed that isotropic gold nanoparticles with core sizes of greater than 5 nm were less

• toxic and considered biologically inert [44][57][58]. Numerous in vitro studies carried out using high-throughput techniques such as microscopic techniques, TEM, and ICP-MS revealed the fate of nanoparticles and their interaction at the interface between the metal surface and cell membrane. Electron

• nanoparticles In vivo toxicity validation of nanomaterials is an inevitable step before clinical trials. However, in vivo studies of nanoparticles are subtle and quite controversial when compared to in vitro studies. The most common citrate-capped gold nanoparticles proved to be non-cytotoxic in vitro and

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• reinforce the biophysical effects of using US for drug delivery purposes. Two types of MB cavitation depending on the US intensity have been described: noninertial cavitation and inertial cavitation. Noninertial or stable cavitation events occur at low acoustic pressures [72]. Several in vitro studies have

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• toxicity and improved efficacy [86]. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the efficacy of AgNPs in treating neglected diseases, such as dengue [87][88], leishmaniasis [89][90][91][92], malaria [93][94][95], schistosomiasis [96][97], and trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) [98][99]. Mechanism of

• prophylactic effect) and to inhibit viral replication and budding (i.e, the therapeutic effect) [75][76][110]. In vitro studies reveal that AgNPs can act as inhibitors of viral entry by blocking viral attachment and penetration into cells [109][111][112]. They also inhibit the synthesis of viral negative

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• oleic acid layer is rapidly removed from the iron core and that, although with a small blood circulation time of only 15 min, 56Fe SPIONs were not found to be toxic in liver and spleen, where they readily accumulated. This is in contrast with many in vitro studies, in which uncoated SPIONs were shown to

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• bioavailability and luminescence and were non-toxic. The AuNCFs frameworks, because of their highly luminescent nature, also allowed for better imaging compared to [Au25(SG)18]-treated cells. In vivo bioimaging Conpared to cell-line and isolated in vitro studies, in vivo imaging using animal models faces

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• heparin/siRNA (v/v) ratio. The samples were electrophoresed on a 1% agarose gel containing 0.5 μg/mL ethidium bromide at 80 V for 20 min. The bands were imaged using the gel documentation system. In vitro studies Cell viability: The effect of blank polymer and polyplex was determined using MTS (3-(4,5

• good serum stability of the polyplex. In vitro studies The internalization of the polyplex in A549 cells was determined and the results are presented in Figure 3. It is observed that the PVI polyplexes accumulate on the membrane surface after 15 min and are starting to be internalized into the cells

• (Figure 14). This could be attributed to the better internalization and endosomal escape evaluated by the polyplex. The in vitro studies indicate that VEGF silencing through the PVI polyplex has a positive influence in inhibiting the progression of lung cancer. Conclusion This work has demonstrated the

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• Section 2.1. Recently, computer simulations and in vitro studies of nanoparticle–membrane interactions have shown that the surface of nanomaterials can in itself induce several changes at the plasma membrane, by determining sol–gel transitions in the lipid bilayer and impairing lipid lateral diffusion

• intracellular locations or to promote drug release in cells. 4 Challenges in studying endocytosis of nano-sized materials in vitro While studying the interactions between nanomaterials and cells is extremely challenging to perform in vivo, in vitro studies can help to unravel the mechanisms involved in their

• describe some technical challenges concerning in vitro studies of the endocytosis of nano-sized materials. 4.1 Nanoparticle dispersion in biological media: agglomeration and corona formation One of the most important aspects to consider when studying nanoparticle interactions with cells, as well as when

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• , because of the photothermal effect, the shell shrinks thus bringing the photosensitizer closer to the core allowing for fluorescence resonance energy transfer and singlet oxygen production. In other proposed polymers, fluorescence quenching is not discussed, but in vitro studies prove the higher

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• the need to carefully evaluate the data acquired so far from in vitro studies in order to develop safe biomedical applications. Conclusion We investigated the importance of selecting a proper physiological medium used for in vitro protein corona analysis. Therefore, we employed several analytical

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• administration and can be cleared gradually by renal and fecal excretion. Furthermore, a number of in vitro studies indicated that treatment of various cell lines, such as 3T3 and Hela, greatly reduced the cellular viability [34]. Due to the contradictory study results, the applicability of PEG-GO for drug

Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability

• Sharali Malik,
• Felicite M. Ruddock,
• Adam H. Dowling,
• Kevin Byrne,
• Wolfgang Schmitt,
• Ivan Khalakhan,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Lok Kumar Shrestha,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73

• reinforcement strategy and will breathe a new lease of life into this research area. These in vitro studies are continuing and cell-line studies are also planned. Experimental Materials The multi-layer graphene (MLG) material used in this research was commercially available MLG - EXGR98350 (batch 08.10.2012

Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy

• Sujit Kumar Dora,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45

• evaporation. Evidence for a water co-transport has been given by in-vitro studies with isolated waxes and artificial polyurethan membranes. Neinhuis et al. [25] showed that in the presence of water, waxes were transported through the membranes and reassembled into three dimensional waxes onto the membranes

• , so that it is merely the added water alone that influences the growth, as already discussed above. Since many years the transport of wax molecules from inside the plant surface cells to the outer side, where the wax crystals assemble, has been discussed. In vitro studies with isolated waxes and

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• large influence on the wettability, significantly more so than the chemical composition of the waxes [42]. In vitro studies with wax crystals of different sizes and densities showed that superhydrophobicity requires wax crystal sizes of 400 nm in the case of wax tubules [42] and about 200 nm in the case

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• of organic electronics. One of the early applications of Parylene C encapsulation layer in an electronic structure was that of a microelectrode insulator [65]. The Parylene C-covered iridium and tungsten microelectrodes were investigated by means of in vivo and in vitro impedance tests. In vitro

• studies were carried out in an especially prepared chamber containing saline, either sterile or plasma-incubated at 37 °C, in order to reproduce the natural environmental. In vivo testing was performed by an implementation of multiple electrode systems in monkey motor cortex [65]. In these studies, an